11 Best Quran Tafsir / Tafseer In English(Commentaries)

Introduction:

What Is Tafsir ?

The term “Tafsir” denotes the act of elucidating and unveiling the meanings of Quranic verses to comprehend the intended divine message. Undertaking a spiritual journey through the Quran’s sacred verses is a profound endeavor, and proper guidance is essential. In the realm of Quranic interpretation, or Tafsir, seekers often seek resources that provide clarity and enlightenment. In this article, we highlight the top 11 Quran Tafsirs in English, serving as a guide for enthusiasts embarking on a profound exploration of the divine wisdom within the Quranic verses.

Tafsir-Ibn-Kathir:

Name: Imad al-Din Abu Fida Ismail ibn Umar ibn Kathir Birth: Born in 701 H near Majdal in Basra, on the outskirts of Damascus. Education: Received diverse education in Damascus, excelling in Tafsir, Hadith, Fiqh, Usul, History, Ilm al-Rijal, and Arabic under distinguished scholars. Death: Passed away in 774 H in Damascus.

Imam Ibn Kathir, a luminary in Islamic scholarship, is celebrated for his multifaceted contributions. A commentator, hadith scholar, historian, and critic, he authored seminal works in Islamic jurisprudence. Notable among them is the widely recognized Tafsir Ibn Kathir and the comprehensive historical compilation, Al-Bidaya wa’l-Nihaya.

Introduction to Quranic Commentary: Imam Ibn Kathir’s Tafsir, a cornerstone in Quranic interpretation, draws from early scholars’ insights, intertwining Quranic verses with Hadith and the actions of early Muslim scholars. Housed in Khedive’s Library in Egypt, this influential work remains a valuable resource.

Principles of Commentary: Imam Ibn Kathir outlined fundamental principles governing his interpretation, including Tafsir of the Quran with the Quran, Sunnah, sayings of the Companions, and statements of the Successors. These principles consistently appear in his concise explanations, often elucidating one verse with subsequent Quranic verses.

In his commentary on Surah Al-Mu’minun (23:50), Imam Ibn Kathir refers to multiple narrations and diverse interpretations, providing nuanced understanding. While not consistently maintaining the highest standards of hadith criticism, scholars acknowledge it as the most reliable commentary, holding a prestigious position among commentaries for its invaluable insights.

Imam Ibn Kathir’s Tafsir, a foundational source, offers profound insights into the wise Quran, making it indispensable for those seeking a deeper understanding of its meanings and mysteries.

Tafsir-Al-Qurtubi:

Dive into the profound insights of al-Qurṭubī’s Tafsīr, a work hailed as one of the most comprehensive and certainly among the most renowned. Bearing the title “al-Jāmi’ li Aḥkām al-Qur’ān – The General Judgments of the Qur’an,” this masterpiece zeroes in on the rulings and judgments embedded in the Qur’ān, offering readers a holistic understanding.

Al-Qurṭubī’s approach is exhaustive, weaving through various sciences essential for a comprehensive interpretation. From delving into ḥadīth relevant to the āyahs, exploring events in the sīrah, and capturing insights from the Companions, their Followers, and other distinguished scholars, to dissecting Arabic etymology, syntax, and usage with vivid examples – this volume transcends mere commentary.

Within these pages, al-Qurṭubī unravels the intricacies of the ḥajj, sheds light on interactions with the People of the Book, and provides a detailed exposition of the Battle of Uḥud. The text weaves seamlessly through diverse subjects, touching on matters like the prohibition of usury, reflections on forgiveness, the poignant event of the Messenger of Allah’s passing, and the profound āyahs urging constant remembrance of Allah in all circumstances.

Tafsir-Al-Jalalayn:

Introduction to Tafsir al-Jalalayn:

Tafsir al-Jalalayn is a brief Arabic commentary on the Quran, jointly penned by two esteemed scholars, Imam Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli (791 AH – 864 AH) and Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti (849 AH – 911 AH). Crafted over five centuries ago, this commentary has earned widespread popularity and acceptance. Imam Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, a distinguished scholar, attached particular importance to Tafsir al-Jalalayn in his extensive works.

This commentary is distinguished by its brevity, clarity, accuracy, and comprehensive explanation of content.Scholars and students of knowledge specially appreciate its focused coverage, making it a central reference for understanding Quranic subjects. Tafsir al-Jalalayn is recognized for its conciseness and a clear translation of the Quran, setting it apart from more detailed commentaries.

History of Composition:
In contrast to other commentaries, Tafsir al-Jalalayn was initially written in two parts, with the second part being completed first. Imam Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli (d. 864 AH/1459 CE) began the commentary from Surah Al-Kahf to Surah An-Nas. Presumably, he arranged it this way because this section is relatively simpler. Later, the writing of the first part of the commentary started, and only the explanation of Surah Al-Fatiha was completed before Imam Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli’s passing on 15 Ramadan 864 AH/5 July 1460 CE.

After Imam Jalal al-Din al-Mahalli’s demise, Imam Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti aimed to complete the unfinished commentary. Remarkably, he accomplished this task in a mere 40 days, finalizing the concise commentary.

Tafsir al-Jalalayn is generally regarded as an interpretation of the Quranic text. While being a concise Arabic translation, it includes equivalent commentary words for Quranic verses. At times, there may be some additional words or sentences, yet it remains a compact and valuable resource for Quranic interpretation.

Tafsir Al Tabri:

Jami’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir al-Quran, commonly known as Tafsir al-Tabari, is a renowned commentary on the Quran authored by Ibn Jarir al-Tabari. Muhammad ibn Jarir ibn Yazid ibn Kathir ibn Ghalib al-Amuli, known as Abu Ja’far al-Tabari (died: 310 H), is the compiler of this comprehensive interpretation of the Quran.

Imam Jalal al-Din al-Suyuti, may Allah have mercy on him, expresses his decisive opinion about the eminent scholarly achievements of Imam Ibn Jarir al-Tabari as follows:
“If you were to ask who is the most guiding and reliable in Tafsir (Quranic commentary)? My answer would be that the Tafsir of Imam Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, which is unparalleled and incomparable, has the consensus of respected scholars because of its unique qualities.”
(Al-Itqan fi ‘Ulum al-Qur’an: 4/244)

Hafiz Ibn Hajar praises Imam Abu Ja’far al-Tabari as a leading Quranic scholar of the sixth generation. He is followed by notable figures like Ibn Mundhir al-Nishapuri and al-Razi, with their teacher Abd ibn Hamid Kashani. In their commentaries, there’s a unique depth, with no missing explanations for any verse. Imam al-Tabari, especially, stands out for his detailed narrations, grammar discussions, and distinction between opinions. Later scholars excelled in different areas, but none matched his comprehensive approach to Quranic interpretation. (Al-Ajwib fi Bayan al-Asbab: 1/203)

Tafsir-Al-Uthmani(The Glorious Qur’an):

The “Tafseer Usmani” has been one of the most authoritative names in Urdu exegesis for the past 70 years. Its extraordinary popularity can be attributed to unique qualities that set it apart from other commentaries. However, the primary reason for its acclaim lies in the sincerity, devotion to Allah, and the profound knowledge and virtues of the scholars involved. The completion of this commentary is credited to three eminent personalities: Hazrat Shah Abdul Qadir Dehlvi, Hazrat Sheikh ul Hind Maulana Mahmood Hasan, and Sheikh ul Islam Allama Shabbir Ahmed Usmani.

Key Features of Tafseer Usmani:

1. Despite being concise, it provides a comprehensive understanding of the Quranic text, making it a self-sufficient resource for students, eliminating the need for extensive references to other commentaries.
2. The interconnection between Quranic verses is so clear that a continuous translation reader does not feel any lack of coherence in the text.
3. It offers comprehensive responses to contemporary challenges.
4. Where there are different opinions on certain verses, the prevalent interpretation is given preference.
5. Delicate scholarly indications are provided for the benefit of scholars, guiding them through potential difficulties.
6. Despite the passage of approximately 70 years, the language remains so accessible that it feels relevant to today’s linguistic sensibilities.

Additional Characteristics:

1. For the first time, a systematic index has been established by assigning unique numbers to the benefits of each Surah. These numbers are serially incorporated into the translation for ease of reference.
2. Around five thousand thematic titles have been added, creating a consistent index that serves as a reliable reference for specific topics within the commentary.
3. The index is structured based on the benefits derived from Hazrat Allama Usmani’s insights.

Apart from these, further considerations have been given to ensure the meticulous completion of this significant work, where the wisdom and virtues of Hazrat Mufti Muhammad Shafi (may Allah have mercy on him), titled “Shaykh al-Islam Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani (may Allah preserve him),” serve as a prelude to this inclusive book.
The Glorious Qur’an, with insights from Tafsir-e-‘Uthmani, has been translated and edited by the educators at Madrasah Ayesha Siddiqua in Karachi, and it is published by Al-Bushra Publishers. Additionally, Tafsir-e-Uthmani, translated by Mohammad Ashfaq Ahmad, is available through Idara Impex in India.

The Nobel Qur’an:

Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani introduces a fresh English translation of The Noble Quran, elucidating the meanings of its verses. With more than fifty years of expertise in Islamic sciences, Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani has revisited and revised the English translation along with providing additional explanatory notes.. This addresses a significant gap, as none of the popular English translations to date have been undertaken by a scholar deeply rooted in traditional Islamic sciences.

Having previously overseen the English translation of Ma’ariful Qur’an, Mufti Muhammad Taqi Usmani adds value with comprehensive translations and concise introductory notes for each surah. The inclusion of explanatory notes aims to facilitate understanding for a wider audience. The three-color format on quality paper, coupled with an elegant binding, offers a Quran with English translation and insightful explanatory notes.

Tafsir Al Ma’ariful Quran:

The commentator of Ma’ariful Qur’an, the former Quranic scholar, the Grand Mufti of Darul Uloom Deoband, the founder of Darul Uloom Karachi, and the successor to Hazrat Thanvi(R.A), Hazrat Maulana Mufti Shafi Usmani (passed away in 1396 AH / 1976) is a respected figure, may Allah have mercy upon him.

Key Features:

A: The translation of the Holy Quran is a joint effort, with the primary translation being that of Shah Abdul Qadir Sahib, commonly known as Sheikh ul Hind, and the second translation being by Hazrat Hakim ul Ummat Thanvi.

B: In essence, the summary of the interpretation is derived from “Bayan ul Quran” and serves as a simplified version. This, when published separately as footnotes to the Holy Quran, becomes a concise and excellent means for the understanding of the Quran, especially for those with limited time.

In the verses of legal rulings, there is an exposition of both ancient and contemporary legal rulings, along with their inferences.

• In the verses of motivation, there is an illumination through the Quran, Hadith, anecdotes of companions, and the sayings of wise scholars, shedding light on etiquettes, recommended practices, virtues, and benefits.
• In the verses of warning, the Quran, along with Hadith, anecdotes of companions, and the sayings of wise scholars, highlights the ugliness and condemnation of sins, both from a religious and rational perspective, elaborating on the manifestations of corruption and deficiencies.
• In the verses of incidents, there are detailed and credible references to historical events, utilizing authentic and reliable sources. Care is taken to avoid Israeli narratives when necessary. Additionally, there is commentary and analysis regarding the preservation of Hadith, and scrutiny and verification of narrators.
• In the verses of realities, subtle deductions and lessons are drawn from the Quran, hadith, and historical accounts, emphasizing admonitions, advice, and moral teachings derived from those events.

The work addresses objections and fallacious arguments put forth by orientalists, people of whims, and innovators, offering accurate explanations of the verses and translating the path of the people of truth.

• Between conflicting verses, there is a nuanced comparison in the light of the statements of predecessors.
• In probable verses, the clarification of the prevailing and acceptable interpretations is provided, offering clear and untainted explanations.
• Amidst differences among scholars (such as the issue of “ar-Ru’yah”), the approach of utmost caution and adherence to the soundest and safest path is followed.
• The understanding of the Quran addresses prevalent questions, doubts, and suspicions, offering the best solutions.
• The commentary on verses takes into account the contemporary challenges, the creators of fitnah (turmoil), the founders of discord, and their fallacious arguments. It tracks the interpreters and provides satisfying responses.
• The correlation between verses and chapters of the Quran is explored.
• Avoidance of extremes and adherence to the statements of hadith preservers, hadith critics, and scholars in the field of interpretation concerning statements, moist and dry reports.**

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Tafhim Ul Qur’an:

Tafheem-ul-Quran, a profound commentary on the Quran, was written by the esteemed Islamic scholar Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi, the founder of Jamaat-e-Islami.. His deep understanding of Islamic sciences is evident in this comprehensive commentary.

• Comprehensive Interpretation: The commentary provides a thorough interpretation of Quranic verses, exploring linguistic, historical, and contextual dimensions. It aims to offer readers a holistic understanding of the Quran’s message.
• Relevance to the Modern World: Maududi intended to make the Quran relevant to contemporary issues. Tafheem-ul-Quran addresses present-day concerns, showcasing the timeless nature of Quranic guidance.
• Clarity and Simplicity: The commentary employs clear and simple language, making it accessible to a diverse readership. It avoids unnecessary complexity, ensuring the Quranic message reaches a broad audience.
• Thematic Approach: Often, Tafheem-ul-Quran presents Quranic verses thematically, highlighting the coherence and interconnectedness of various topics discussed in the Quran.
• Social and Political Insights: Maududi incorporates socio-political insights, offering commentary on societal and political matters within the Quranic framework. This makes Tafheem-ul-Quran a valuable resource for understanding the Quran’s perspective on governance and societal issues.
• Educational and Inspirational: Beyond interpretation, Tafheem-ul-Quran serves as an educational tool, inspiring readers to reflect on the Quranic message and apply it to their lives. It encourages moral and spiritual development.

• Translation: Alongside the commentary, Tafheem-ul-Quran features an English translation of the Quranic text, enabling those not proficient in Arabic to connect with the scripture.
• In summary, Tafheem-ul-Quran stands as a notable work of Quranic exegesis, valued for its profound insights, contemporary relevance, and dedication to conveying the profound wisdom of the Quran to modern readers.

Illuminating Discourses on the Noble Quran:

Step into the enlightening world of the Holy Qur’an with the translated masterpiece, “Anwar al-Bayan” – a profound exegesis spanning nine volumes by the revered Maulana Ashiq Ilahi al-Barni. Imagine journeying through the depths of spiritual insight shared by one of the greatest scholars of our time, who recently departed from this world in the sacred city of Madina Munawwara.

Maulana Ashiq Ilahi al-Barni, having dedicated the last two decades of his life to Madina Munawwara after imparting knowledge in esteemed educational institutions across India and Pakistan, was not just a scholar but a prolific writer. His legacy encompasses a myriad of works on diverse subjects.

What sets “Anwar al-Bayan” apart are its outstanding features – it’s not just a tafsir; it’s a beacon of simplicity, straightforwardness, and accessibility. Delve into the explanations that unfold the beauty of the Qur’an through its own verses, authentic hadiths, insights from the Sahaba, and the wisdom of great Imams of tafsir. This journey avoids the complexities of Israelite traditions, offering a clear path to understanding.

Detailed references, contemporary discussions, insights into tasawwuf, elucidation of Islamic laws from the verses, explanations of the circumstances of revelation – “Anwar al-Bayan” is a treasure trove of knowledge. Navigate through its pages and find yourself immersed in the profound wisdom and advice carefully curated by Maulana Ashiq Ilahi al-Barni.

The English translation, a labor of love by Maulana Ismail Ibrahim, has been meticulously edited by Ismail Khathrada and Mufti A. H. Ilyas. So, embark on this enlightening journey, where the timeless teachings of the Qur’an come to life in a language that resonates with the hearts and minds of contemporary readers.

Tafsir-Al-Kabir:

“”Tafsir Kabir,” also known as “Mafatih al-Ghayb,” stands out as a significant commentary in the style of personal opinions (“Tafsir b-al-Ra’y”). Initiated by the esteemed scholar Imam Muhammad Fakhr al-Din al-Razi (543 H – 606 H), it unfortunately remained incomplete at the time of his passing. The task of finishing this work was taken up by Qadi Shihab al-Din bin Khalil al-Khawli al-Dimashqi, endorsed by Haji Khalifah, and Sheikh Najm al-Din Ahmad bin Muhammad al-Qummi, supported by Ibn Hajar. The extent of Imam Razi’s direct contribution remains uncertain, with some sources suggesting involvement until Surah Anbiya, while others claim it extends to Surah Fath.

1. Comprehensive Nature: One of the most prominent features of Tafsir Kabir is its comprehensive nature. Scholars acknowledge its distinction for presenting extensive and well-organized discussions on various sciences related to the Quran.

According to Muhammad Hussain Zahabi: “Razi’s commentary is widely known among scholars because, in comparison to other commentaries, its distinction lies in the extensive and thorough discussions on various sciences.” (Al-Tafsir wal-Mufassirun 1/293)

Allama Anwar Shah Kashmiri states: “I did not encounter any difficulty in the complexities of the Quranic text that Imam Razi did not address. Furthermore, there are times when difficulties cannot be resolved to satisfaction by anyone else.” (Al-Banuri, Muhammad Yousuf, Yatimat al-Bayan 23)

Method of Commentary: In the interpretation of every verse, Imam Razi follows the steps mentioned below:

1. Explanation of the verse concerning grammatical structure, rhetorical figures, and reasons for revelation, along with well-organized references to the opinions of predecessors.
2. Elaboration of legal rulings related to the verse with detailed evidence and preference given to the Shafi’i school of thought.
3. Critique of various false sects, such as the Jahmiyyah, Mu’tazilah, and anthropomorphists, by providing detailed arguments.

While the first two aspects are common in other commentaries, the third aspect makes Tafsir Kabir unique. The method of providing a detailed refutation of false sects is not found in other commentaries, and Tafsir Kabir stands out in this regard.

Preference and Examination: Imam Razi avoids merely presenting different opinions; instead, he adopts a method of preference, choosing the opinion that aligns better with the linguistic structure of the text. His principles for preference include:

1. Giving preference to a statement supported by an authentic Hadith.
2. Favoring what is rational over conflicting opinions.
3. Not taking a figurative meaning unless the literal meaning is not possible.
4. Considering the wording that better aligns with grammatical structures.

Interconnection of Verses and Surahs: Imam Razi shows special attention to the connection and coherence between verses and chapters. He believes that the Quranic text is so captivating and logically structured that it leaves an extraordinary impact, not just satisfying the mind but also deepening one’s appreciation for the greatness of the Quran.

Rational Approach: Imam Razi, being well-versed in rational and philosophical sciences of his time, incorporates rational arguments in his commentary. His discussions include supporting Islamic beliefs with rational proofs, addressing theological disputes among Muslims, elucidating religious truths in rational terms, and responding to objections raised by skeptics.

Challenges and Criticisms: Despite its numerous benefits and strengths, Tafsir Kabir is not free from criticisms. Some of the challenges include an abundance of unrelated discussions, a leaning toward the Mu’tazilite school, and a relatively weak translation.

In conclusion, Tafsir Kabir by Imam Razi, known for its comprehensiveness, legal insights, preference methodology, interconnected interpretation, rational approach, and addressing false sects, remains a valuable contribution to the field of Quranic exege

Fi-Zilal-Al-Qur’an:

Fi Zilal Ul Quran “In the Shade of the Qur’an” is a Tafsir, awritten in Arabic during the 20th century. It is particularly significant due to its diverse aspects and was authored by Sayyid Qutb (1906-1966)۔

Maulana Khalil Hamdi identified six qualities of this Tafsir:

Elevated Style: The style of Sayyid Qutb in this Tafsir surpasses many ancient commentators and scholars.

Utilization of Previous Tafsirs: Sayyid Qutb benefited from various well-known Tafsirs, incorporating the information acquired in a scholarly manner, turning it into an encyclopedic compilation rather than a collection of literary articles.

Absence of Israeli Narrations (Isra’iliyat): The Tafsir is entirely free from Isra’iliyat, which are narrations from Jewish sources that can be found in many Arabic commentaries.

Avoidance of Sectarian Conflicts: Sayyid Qutb’s work avoids conflicts related to different sects within Islam, such as Mu’tazila, Khawarij, Ash’ari, Maturidi, etc., which are often present in other Arabic Tafsirs.

Comprehensive and Detailed Discussions: The Tafsir covers every discussion with completeness and detail.

Transparent and Pure Spiritual Essence: The Tafsir exhibits a clear and pure spiritual essence that reflects deep faith, patience, and determination.

According to Maulana Syed Hameed Ali, a prominent scholar from India, “In the Shade of the Qur’an” possesses the following characteristics:

Scientific and Intellectual Approach: The Tafsir engages in an intellectual discussion on Quranic verses and teachings, incorporating scientific and Western knowledge to understand and validate Quranic teachings.

Scientific Tafsir: The work avoids any sort of reductionism but instead applies scientific and modern knowledge to comprehend and affirm Quranic teachings.

Enhancement of Quranic Understanding: The Tafsir provides a profound understanding of the Quranic aspects. The commentator first gives an overview of the entire Surah, then categorizes verses into groups, discusses each group separately, and finally deliberates on each verse, ensuring a comprehensive understanding.

Contemporary Style: The Tafsir adopts a modern style that appeals to the contemporary generation while maintaining a connection with traditional approaches.

Revolutionary Tafsir: The Tafsir is considered a revolutionary commentary, and Sayyid Qutb’s revolutionary book “Milestones,” based on the principles derived from this Tafsir, led to accusations and imprisonment.

Educational Tafsir: The work serves as an excellent educational Tafsir, teaching not just the meaning of verses but also guiding on practical aspects of Islam, morality, and conduct.

Literary and Aesthetic Aspects: The Tafsir explores the literary and aesthetic aspects of the Quran, shedding light on the beauty and eloquence of the verses.

These qualities collectively make “In the Shade of the Qur’an” a unique and influential Tafsir in the 20th-century Islamic literature, impacting both intellectual and practical dimensions of Islamic thought and life.

FAQ’S

The background of Tafsir, or Quranic commentary, can be traced back to the early years of Islam. During the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), companions such as Abdullah ibn Abbas and Ubayy ibn Ka’b played a role in explaining the meanings and context of Quranic verses. This initial period laid the foundation for the practice of Tafsir.

After the death of the Prophet, the need for a deeper understanding of the Quran prompted scholars to engage in explaining its verses systematically. As Islam expanded, diverse linguistic and cultural contexts led to the emergence of various interpretations, emphasizing the importance of Tafsir to maintain the intended meanings.

In the centuries that followed, formal Tafsir works began to appear. Scholars like Imam al-Tabari, who compiled a comprehensive Tafsir, and Imam al-Razi, known for his philosophical approach, significantly contributed to the development of Tafsir as a scholarly discipline.

Over time, Tafsir evolved with advancements in linguistic analysis, historical research, and other scholarly disciplines. Today, Tafsir remains a vital aspect of Islamic scholarship, with scholars continuing to explore the depths of the Quranic text to extract its wisdom and guidance.